Soil Health: Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms

The term “synthesis” as used here refers to the biosynthetic capacity of certain microorganisms to derive metabolic energy by “fixing” atmospheric nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide. In this context we refer to these as “synthetic” microorganisms , and if they should become a pre­ dominant part of the soil microflora, then the soil would be termed a “synthetic” soil.

Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are highly diverse, ranging from “free­ living”, autotrophic bacteria of the genus Azotobacter to symbiotic, heterotrophic bacteria of the genus Rhizobium, and blue-green algae (now mainly classified as blue-green bacteria), all of which func­tion aerobically. Photosynthetic microor­ganisms fix atmospheric carbon dioxide in a manner similar to that of green plants. They are also highly diverse, ranging from blue-green algae and green algae that perform complete photosynthe­sis aerobically to photosynthetic bacteria which perform incomplete photosynthe­sis anaerobically.

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